Early on, piano lessons with his father introduced Michael Bosch to music. At the age of 16, he began studying modern oboe with Heiner Kreipl in Bonn. This was followed by studies with Diethelm Jonas in Trossingen and Thomas Indermühle in Karlsruhe. After one year as an oboist with the Württembergische Philharmonie Reutlingen, Michael Bosch held the position of principal oboist with the Chursächsische Philharmonie Bad Elster from 1994 to 1998. There, he became acquainted with a broad repertoire ranging from the Baroque to the modern era, performed on the respective historical instruments. Subsequently, from 1998 to 2000, he studied Baroque oboe with Alfredo Bernardini in Amsterdam. Since 2002, he has been an oboist with the Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin. 

Michael Bosch regularly collaborates with other renowned Baroque ensembles, including Concerto Köln, the Freiburg Baroque Orchestra, the Stuttgart Baroque Orchestra, Cappella de’ Turchini Naples, Cappella Coloniensis, the Australian Chamber Orchestra, and Collegium 1704. His concert tours have taken him throughout Europe as well as to the Americas, Asia, and Australia. 

From 2009 to 2016, he taught at the University of the Arts Bremen. Since 2016, Michael Bosch has been teaching as a lecturer in historical oboe instruments at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Leipzig.